Natural Law
“ Est autem injustum, quod naturæ societatis ratione utentium repugnat.
- — Hugo Grotius, 1625
“ If there be any such principle as justice, it is, of necessity, a natural principle; and, as such, it is a matter of science, to be learned and applied like any other science. And to talk of either adding to, or taking from, it, by legislation, is just as false, absurd, and ridiculous as it would be to talk of adding to, or taking from, mathematics, chemistry, or any other science, by legislation.
“ Since property rights are thus a fact of logic, they are by extension a fact of nature, inescapable and absolute. This is what libertarians mean by the phrase “property rights are natural,” and that they have pre-existed their practical recognition or protection by any human institution. In the same way, two plus two has always equaled four, even thousands of years ago, whether or not any primitive tribesmen and women existing at the time could themselves have grasped the concept.
“ Reality confronts man with a great many “musts”, but all of them are conditional; the formula of realistic necessity is: “You must, if—” and the “if” stands for man’s choice “—if you want to achieve a certain goal”. You must eat, if you want to survive. You must work, if you want to eat. You must think, if you want to work. You must look at reality, if you want to think—if you want to know what to do—if you want to know what goals to choose—if you want to know how to achieve them.
- — Ayn Rand, Causality versus Duty
